Spearfishing is legal in Wyoming’s public waters, but only under the specific regulations that took effect on January 1 2026. Anglers must hold a valid Wyoming Sport Fishing License, adhere to size‑and‑species limits, and follow new gear restrictions that were adopted to protect trout populations and ensure sustainable use of the state’s freshwater resources.
Current Legal Status in Wyoming
Wyoming’s Game and Fish Department (WGF) classifies spearfishing as a permitted method for sport fishing in designated lakes and reservoirs. It remains prohibited in designated wild river sections, national park waters, and any waterbody where a “no‑harvest” ordinance is in effect. The 2024 law that authorized spearfishing recognized the activity as a traditional method but imposed strict oversight to prevent overharvest of native species such as cutthroat trout.
2026 Regulatory Updates
The 2026 rule set introduced three major changes:
- Gear restrictions – only manual spear guns and pole spears are allowed; pneumatic or electric devices are banned.
- Seasonal limits – spearfishing is permissible from May 1 through September 30, aligning with the trout spawning window to reduce interference.
- Catch reporting – anglers must log each spearfish catch in the WGF electronic reporting system within 24 hours of retrieval. Failure to report is treated as a violation.
These updates were codified in Wyoming Statutes § 16‑4‑101 and the accompanying WGF Administrative Rule 31‑4‑12.
Permits and Restrictions
A standard Adult Sport Fishing License covers spearfishing, but a Special Spearfishing Endorsement is required for waters that support threatened species. Endorsements cost an additional $15 and are issued after completion of an online conservation module. Minimum size limits for cutthroat trout are 12 inches; any speared fish below that size must be released immediately. Bag limits are set at three trout per day for most reservoirs, with a county‑wide season‑total of 12.
Enforcement and Penalties
WGF wardens conduct random spot‑checks and may request electronic catch logs on the spot. Violations are classified as either misdemeanors or infractions depending on severity. Possessing prohibited gear carries a $250 fine; exceeding bag limits results in a $500 fine per excess fish and possible suspension of fishing privileges for up to one year. Repeated offenses may lead to civil penalties under the Wyoming Natural Resources Protection Act.
Practical Tips for Spearfishers
- Verify that the waterbody is listed as “Spearfishing Allowed” on the WGF website before you head out.
- Carry your license, endorsement card, and a fully charged mobile device for catch reporting.
- Use a non‑lethal hook‑less retrieval method to minimize injury to non‑target species.
- Practice proper handling; keep speared fish in water to reduce stress and improve survival if release is required.
- Review the latest WGF bulletins each season for any emergency closures or rule adjustments.
Can I spearfish on private property without a license?
No. Wyoming law requires a sport fishing license for any spearfishing activity, regardless of ownership. Private landowners may grant permission, but the fisherman must still hold a valid license and adhere to state regulations.
Are there any waters where spearfishing is completely banned?
Yes. Spearfishing is prohibited in designated wilderness rivers, Yellowstone National Park waterways, and any reservoir that the WGF has classified as a “no‑harvest” zone for conservation reasons.
What types of spearfishing equipment are illegal in Wyoming?
Pneumatic, pneumatic‑assist, and electric spear guns are prohibited. Only manual pole spears and hand‑loaded spear guns meeting the manual‑propulsion requirement are legal.
How do I obtain the Special Spearfishing Endorsement?
Register for the endorsement through the WGF online portal, complete the required 30‑minute conservation education module, and pay the $15 fee. Approval is immediate, and the endorsement is added to your existing license.
What should I do if I am stopped by a WGF warden while spearfishing?
Present your sport fishing license, endorsement card (if required), and any electronic catch‑log records. Answer questions truthfully and cooperate with any equipment inspection. Failure to produce the required documents can result in citation and possible license suspension.