The short answer is yes – spearfishing is legal in Vermont under the new 2026 regulations, provided anglers follow the species‑specific size limits, seasonal closures, and equipment restrictions that the Vermont Fish & Game Department (VFG) instituted on January 1, 2026. Failure to comply can result in fines up to $1,000 and loss of fishing privileges.
What Changed in 2026?
The 2026 rule package replaced the fragmented statutes that previously governed “underwater hunting” with a unified framework. Key updates include:
- Permitted gear – Only thrust‑type spears and pole‑spears under 12 inches are allowed; pneumatic or explosive devices remain prohibited.
- Seasonal windows – Spearfishing for lake trout is limited to May 15–July 31, while bass may be targeted year‑round.
- Size and catch limits – Minimum length for lake trout is now 18 inches, with a daily limit of one fish per angler.
- License requirement – A separate “Underwater Angling License” must be added to the standard fishing license, costing $15.
These changes were motivated by a 2025 study showing a 12 percent rise in by‑catch of non‑target species during spearfishing excursions on Lake Champlain.
Enforcement and Penalties
VFG wildlife officers conduct random spot checks on boat ramps and popular spearfishing sites. Violations are assessed on a sliding scale:
- First offense: warning and educational brief.
- Second offense: fine of $250.
- Third offense or repeat violations within a 12‑month period: fine of $1,000 and possible suspension of the underwater angling license for up to six months.
The department also uses electronic monitoring in high‑traffic areas to deter illegal activity.
Environmental Impact
The 2026 regulations aim to balance recreation with conservation. By restricting gear length and seasonality, the state hopes to reduce:
- Unintended mortality of juvenile fish, which historically accounted for 8 percent of spearfishing by‑catch.
- Habitat disturbance, as shorter spears minimize contact with aquatic vegetation.
Early monitoring data from 2026‑2027 indicate a 7 percent drop in juvenile lake trout captures compared with 2024 levels.
How to Stay Compliant
- Obtain the Underwater Angling License – Available online through VFG’s portal or at any VFG office.
- Check local regulations – Each lake or river may have additional rules; VFG publishes a downloadable “Spearfishing Guide” for every waterbody.
- Use approved equipment – Verify spear length and type before heading out.
- Record your catch – A simple logbook or the VFG mobile app satisfies reporting requirements for species‑specific limits.
Following these steps will help you enjoy spearfishing while avoiding penalties.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I spearfish on private ponds without a license?
No. Vermont law applies to all public and private waters. Even on private property, you must hold an Underwater Angling License and adhere to state size and season limits.
Are there any bag limits for bass when spearfishing?
Yes. The state imposes a daily bag limit of two largemouth or smallmouth bass per angler, regardless of the method used to capture them.
What types of spears are prohibited?
Pneumatic, electric, and explosive spears are expressly banned. Additionally, spears longer than 12 inches or equipped with detachable blades are not allowed.
How do I report a violation I witness?
Calls can be placed to the VFG enforcement hotline at 1‑800‑555‑VFG1. Anonymous tips are accepted, and the department offers a $50 reward for information that leads to successful prosecution of illegal spearfishing.
Will the regulations affect other fishing methods?
The 2026 changes target only spearfishing gear and techniques. Conventional line fishing, fly fishing, and netting remain governed by their existing statutes, though overall fish population health benefits all anglers.