Did you know that more than 1,200 Missourians tried to keep raccoons as pets in 2024, only to be hit with fines or confiscations? The short answer is no—under the statutes in effect through 2026, private ownership of raccoons is prohibited unless you secure a specific wildlife or research permit. Missouri classifies raccoons as non‑domestic wildlife, and the law is clear about who may possess them and under what conditions. Below we break down the key statutes, recent legislative tweaks, and what it means for anyone considering a raccoon roommate.
Missouri’s Baseline Wildlife Law
The Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC) lists raccoons (Procyon lotor) as “wildlife” under Chapter 571, RSMo. Section 571.030 expressly forbids possession of wild mammals without a valid permit, and raccoons are not included on the limited “domestic animal” list. This baseline has been in place since the 1990s.
2026 Legislative Changes
In 2026 the General Assembly passed Senate Bill 312, which reaffirmed the prohibition and added a clause that any “non‑native wildlife” kept for personal amusement is a Class D misdemeanor. The bill also requires local animal‑control agencies to report violations to the MDC within 48 hours.
When a Permit Is Allowed
Permits are issued only for wildlife rehabilitation centers, licensed research facilities, or Native‑American cultural programs. Applicants must submit an MDC Form W‑12, demonstrate secure enclosures meeting USDA standards, and undergo a background check. Pet‑type ownership is never approved.
Potential Penalties
Violators face a minimum fine of $500, a possible Class D misdemeanor charge, and confiscation of the animal. Repeat offenses can lead to escalating fines up to $5,000 and a one‑year prohibition on wildlife possession.
Alternatives and Conservation
Prospective owners can support local wildlife by volunteering at MDC‑licensed rehabilitation centers or sponsoring a raccoon through a wildlife sanctuary. Education programs allow hands‑on experience without breaching the law.
Can I keep a juvenile raccoon as a pet?
No. Juvenile raccoons are still classified as wildlife, and the law does not differentiate by age. Only licensed facilities may house them temporarily for rehabilitation.
Are there any exceptions for educational purposes?
Yes. Schools may request a short‑term educational permit, but the animal must remain in a secure, supervised enclosure and the program must be approved by the MDC.
What if I already own a raccoon?
You must surrender the animal to MDC‑licensed wildlife officials within 30 days of a violation notice. Failure to comply may increase penalties.
Do out‑of‑state residents face the same rules?
The same state statutes apply to anyone possessing a raccoon within Missouri’s borders, regardless of residency. Out‑of‑state owners must also obtain an MDC permit.
How can I verify if a facility has a valid permit?
The MDC maintains an online permit database. Search by facility name or permit number to confirm active licensing before engaging with any organization.