Washington State permits AR‑style pistols, but the 2026 regulatory overhaul adds mandatory serial‑number registration, a minimum 21‑year age requirement, and a “magazine capacity cap” of 10 rounds for semi‑automatic pistols. Fully compliant firearms are legal; any pistol that fails to meet these criteria is prohibited and subject to severe penalties.
Current Washington Laws on AR Pistols
Under the pre‑2026 framework, Washington classified AR pistols as “semiautomatic rifles” if they possessed a shoulder stock, but treated them as handguns when lacking one. No statewide magazine capacity limit existed, and background checks were required only for purchases from licensed dealers. The state required a concealed‑carry permit for open carry in most public spaces (RCW 9.41.020).
2026 Legislative Changes
RCW 9.41.060 (effective July 1, 2026) introduced three core provisions:
- Mandatory Serial‑Number Registration – All newly manufactured or transferred AR pistols must be entered into the Washington Firearms Inventory within 30 days.
- Age Restriction – Buyers must be at least 21 years old; persons under 21 may only inherit pistols through probate.
- Magazine Capacity Cap – Semi‑automatic pistols, including AR‑style pistols, are limited to 10‑round detachable magazines; magazines holding more than 10 rounds are classified as “large capacity” and prohibited.
The law also expanded the definition of “assault weapon” to include any pistol with a barrel shorter than 16 inches that accepts a detachable magazine larger than 10 rounds, effectively banning such configurations.
Key Compliance Requirements
- Verification of Serial Number – Dealers must record the manufacturer’s serial number and provide a copy to the Department of Licensing.
- Age Verification – Photo ID confirming the buyer’s age is required at point of sale; retailers must retain records for five years.
- Magazine Inspection – Purchasers must present the magazine for inspection; any magazine exceeding the 10‑round limit must be surrendered or destroyed.
Failure to meet any of these steps renders the firearm illegal, even if the underlying pistol model is otherwise permitted.
Penalties for Non‑Compliance
Possession of an unregistered or improperly configured AR pistol is a Class C felony, punishable by up to five years imprisonment and fines up to $10,000 (RCW 9.41.135). Unlawful transfer of a prohibited magazine carries a misdemeanor charge with up to 90 days jail and $5,000 in fines. Repeat offenders may face enhanced sentencing under Washington’s “three strikes” provision.
Practical Guidance for Owners
- Register promptly – Use the online portal provided by the Department of Licensing within the 30‑day window.
- Audit magazines – Replace high‑capacity magazines with compliant 10‑round models before the statutory deadline.
- Maintain documentation – Keep purchase receipts, the registration confirmation, and a copy of your concealed‑carry permit (if applicable) together with the firearm.
By adhering to these steps, owners can legally possess and use AR pistols in Washington State under the 2026 rules.
FAQ
Is an AR pistol with a 15‑round magazine illegal in Washington after 2026?
Yes. Any detachable magazine exceeding 10 rounds classifies the pistol as an illegal assault weapon, subject to felony penalties.
Can I transfer my pre‑2026 AR pistol to another person without registration?
No. All transfers must be recorded in the state inventory; the recipient must also meet the age and magazine‑capacity requirements.
Are “ghost guns” covered by the 2026 regulations?
Absolutely. DIY‑assembled AR pistols must bear a serial number and be registered; failure to do so is a felony.
Do concealed‑carry permits allow me to carry an AR pistol openly?
A concealed‑carry permit does not override the open‑carry restrictions. Open carry of any pistol remains prohibited in most public spaces unless specifically authorized.
What happens if I accidentally possess a prohibited magazine?
Possession is a misdemeanor, but repeated or willful violations can be escalated to a felony under the three‑strikes law. Immediate surrender or destruction of the magazine mitigates potential penalties.