The short answer: No, an unregistered AK‑47 is illegal in Maryland under the 2026 amendments to the Firearms Safety Act. The state now classifies the AK‑47 as an “assault firearm” and imposes strict registration, licensing, and storage requirements. Possession without a valid Maryland Assault‑Weapon Permit (MAWP) or a grandfathered registration filed before the 2022 cutoff will result in felony charges.
Overview of the 2026 Maryland Firearm Legislation
In April 2026 Maryland enacted Senate Bill 814, expanding the definition of assault firearms to include any semi‑automatic rifle with a detachable magazine and a barrel length under 16 inches, regardless of cosmetic features. The law also requires all owners to register the weapon with the Maryland State Police within 30 days of acquisition and to obtain a MAWP, which is limited to law‑enforcement personnel, licensed security professionals, and individuals demonstrating a bona‑fide need for self‑defense or sporting use. The amendments align state statutes with the federal “machine gun” definition for consistency.
What Defines an AK‑47 Under Maryland Law
Maryland statutes (Md. Code § 5301‑12) define an AK‑47 as a semi‑automatic rifle that fires the 7.62×39mm cartridge, possesses a detachable magazine, and retains a barrel length shorter than 16 inches. Even AK‑47s that have been modified with a pistol brace or a longer barrel are still covered if the original configuration meets the criteria. The law expressly lists “Kalashnikov‑type” rifles as prohibited unless lawfully registered before October 1 2022.
Penalties for Illegal Possession
Possessing an unregistered AK‑47 is a third‑degree felony, punishable by up to five years imprisonment and a $10,000 fine. If the weapon is used in the commission of a violent crime, penalties increase to a fourth‑degree felony with up to 10 years incarceration. Maryland’s “dangerous weapons” surcharge adds an additional $5,000 civil penalty for each violation.
How to Legally Own an Assault‑Style Rifle in Maryland
- Obtain a Maryland Assault‑Weapon Permit (MAWP). Applicants must complete a 12‑hour firearms safety course, pass a background check, and demonstrate a legitimate purpose.
- Register the firearm with the Maryland State Police within 30 days of purchase, providing serial number, make, model, and barrel length.
- Comply with storage requirements. The rifle must be locked in a certified firearms safe or a gun safe approved by the State Police.
- Maintain continuous eligibility for the MAWP; any revocation automatically renders the firearm illegal.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can a pre‑2022 registered AK‑47 be kept without a new permit?
Yes. Weapons registered before October 1 2022 remain legal if the owner maintains the original registration and continues to meet storage standards. No additional MAWP is required.
Does the MAWP apply to rifles with a 16‑inch or longer barrel?
No. Rifles with a barrel length of 16 inches or more are excluded from the assault‑firearm definition and can be owned with a standard Maryland handgun permit, provided they are not otherwise prohibited.
Are loss or theft reports required for registered AK‑47s?
Yes. Maryland law mandates that owners report loss or theft to the State Police within 48 hours; failure to do so can result in a misdemeanor charge.
Can a non‑resident temporarily possess an AK‑47 while visiting Maryland?
No. The state’s “no‑carry” rule for assault firearms applies to all individuals, regardless of residency, unless the visitor holds a valid MAWP issued by Maryland.
What are the consequences of transporting an AK‑47 across state lines into Maryland?
Transporting an unregistered assault firearm into Maryland constitutes importation of a prohibited weapon, leading to a third‑degree felony and potential seizure of the firearm. Proper documentation and a valid MAWP are required for lawful