Bowfishing is currently legal in Michigan, but the rules governing the practice underwent a major overhaul in 2026. While anglers may still use a bow and arrow to target fish in designated waters, new restrictions on species, seasons, and equipment now apply. The 2026 amendment closed loopholes that previously allowed unregulated harvest of protected species and introduced stricter permitting requirements. Understanding these changes is essential for anyone who wants to stay compliant and avoid hefty fines or loss of hunting privileges.
Legal Status Before 2026
Prior to the 2026 amendment, Michigan’s bowfishing regulations were outlined in the Natural Resources and Environmental Protection Act (NREPA) § 324.6135. The law permitted bowfishing on all public lakes and rivers where a fishing license was valid, and it placed no specific limits on target species. Enforcement focused mainly on safety and the use of non‑lethal equipment. As a result, many anglers practiced free‑form bowfishing without needing a separate permit.
What Changed in 2026
Public Act 569, enacted on July 1 2026, added three key provisions to NREPA. First, it prohibited the harvest of species listed under the Michigan Endangered Species Act, including the sturgeon and certain native trout. Second, it established a limited‑season window—April 15 through June 30—for bowfishing in most inland waters, with an additional “catch‑and‑release” period through October 15. Third, it required a specific “Bowfishing Permit” that costs $15 annually and must be displayed on the bow. Violations now carry civil penalties up to $1,000 per incident.
Impact on Recreational Bowfishers
The new season and species restrictions have shifted bowfishing from a year‑round activity to a more targeted sport. Anglers must plan trips within the April‑June window or opt for the catch‑and‑release mode, which mandates that harvested fish be immediately released unharmed. The permit requirement has also created a modest administrative step, but it funds conservation programs that monitor bowfishing impacts on vulnerable populations. Many clubs have responded by organizing workshops to teach proper identification of protected species and to promote ethical practices.
Enforcement and Penalties
Michigan Department of Natural Resources (DNR) wardens now conduct spot checks for the Bowfishing Permit and verify compliance with the seasonal calendar. If an angler is caught targeting a prohibited species or operating outside the allowed dates, the DNR can issue an infraction notice, impose a fine of $500–$1,000, and suspend the offender’s fishing privileges for up to six months. Repeat offenders may face additional civil actions and a possible revocation of the bowfishing permit.
Can I bowfish on private property without a permit?
No. The 2026 law applies to all Michigan waters, public or private, when a bow is used to harvest fish. A valid Bowfishing Permit is required regardless of ownership.
Are there any species that remain exempt from the new restrictions?
Yes. Non‑threatened pan‑fish such as sunfish and carp may be harvested year‑round, provided the angler follows the seasonal window for other species.
What documentation must I carry while bowfishing?
You must have a current Michigan fishing license, the annual Bowfishing Permit, and proof of compliance with the seasonal calendar (e.g., a printed copy or electronic record).
How do I obtain the Bowfishing Permit?
The permit is available through the Michigan DNR website or at any authorized DNR dealer. Purchase it online, print the card, and attach it to your bow or carry it visibly.
What are the consequences of accidental capture of a protected species?
Accidental capture is still an infraction. The angler must immediately release the fish, complete a written incident report, and may be subject to a reduced fine of $250 if the release is verified by a DNR officer.