The short answer is yes, the AR‑10 is legal to own and to fire in Maryland under the 2026 gun statutes, provided it conforms to the state’s assault‑weapon definitions, the required registration, and the purchaser meets all licensing criteria. Maryland’s post‑2024 revisions tightened the definition of “semiautomatic rifle” but stopped short of banning the AR‑10 outright; the key is compliance with barrel‑length, overall‑length, and feature‑restriction rules, as well as proper background‑check and registration procedures.
Maryland’s 2026 Firearm Regulations
In 2026 Maryland continued its “handgun‑first” approach but refined the assault‑weapon provisions that were first enacted in 2013. The law classifies a semiautomatic rifle as an assault weapon if it possesses one or more prohibited features—such as a pistol grip, a detachable magazine larger than 10 rounds, or a folding stock—and has a barrel shorter than 16 inches or an overall length under 26 inches. The statutes also require that any rifle meeting the definition be registered with the State Police, and owners must hold a valid Maryland Firearm Safety Certificate (FSC) and a permit to carry (if transporting in a vehicle). Maryland Code, Criminal Law §§ 4‑115 and 4‑126, together with the Attorney General’s 2025 advisory opinion, provide the interpretive framework.
How the AR‑10 Fits Within the Law
The AR‑10 is a 7.62 × 51 mm semiautomatic rifle. Its legality hinges on its configuration:
- Barrel length – Standard AR‑10 models typically have a 16‑inch barrel, satisfying the minimum length requirement.
- Overall length – With a fixed stock and no collapsible features, the rifle usually exceeds the 26‑inch threshold.
- Prohibited features – Many commercial AR‑10s include a pistol grip and a detachable magazine. While a pistol grip alone does not create a prohibited weapon, the combination of the grip with a detachable magazine larger than 10 rounds triggers the assault‑weapon definition. To remain legal, owners must either use a 10‑round magazine or replace the grip with a “fixed” style that does not meet the legal definition of a pistol grip (e.g., a stock‑integrated grip).
When configured with a 10‑round magazine and a non‑pistol‑grip stock, the AR‑10 is considered a “regular semiautomatic rifle” and may be possessed without a special registration, though the owner still needs an FSC and must comply with the state’s universal background‑check system.
Compliance Steps for Owners
- Verify the rifle’s specifications – Check barrel length, overall length, magazine capacity, and grip style.
- Obtain a Firearm Safety Certificate – Required for all firearm purchases and transfers.
- Complete the background check through the Maryland State Police – The iCATS system processes all sales.
- Register if the rifle meets the assault‑weapon definition – Submit the registration form within 30 days of acquisition.
- Maintain the firearm in a locked container when not in use, as mandated by Maryland’s safe‑storage law.
Adhering to these steps ensures that the AR‑10 remains lawful and that owners avoid civil penalties or criminal charges.
Frequently Asked Questions
Does the AR‑10 require a Maryland “Assault Weapon” registration?
Only if the rifle has a pistol grip and a detachable magazine larger than 10 rounds. Configuring the rifle with a 10‑round magazine or a non‑pistol‑grip stock removes it from the assault‑weapon category, eliminating the registration requirement.
Can I transport an AR‑10 across state lines into Maryland?
Yes, but the rifle must be unloaded, locked in a case, and the owner must possess a valid FSC. If the firearm is classified as an assault weapon under Maryland law, the appropriate registration must already be on file.
Are “short‑barrel” AR‑10s legal in Maryland?
No. Any AR‑10 with a barrel shorter than 16 inches is automatically prohibited unless it is part of a registered “firearm with a barrel shorter than 16 inches” exemption, which is rarely granted.
What penalties apply for possessing an unregistered assault‑weapon‑type AR‑10?
Possession of an unregistered assault weapon is a felony offense punishable by up to 10 years in prison and a fine of $10,000, according to Maryland Code § 4‑115.
Do Maryland’s “red‑flag” laws affect AR‑10 owners?
Yes. If a court issues an Extreme Risk Protection Order (ERPO), the AR‑10 must be surrendered to law enforcement. Failure to comply with an ERPO constitutes a misdemeanor.